Selection and distinction of calibration methods for flow meters

Ingeneral,therearetwowaystoverifythemeasuringinstruments:realflowtestanddrytypetest.So,whatisthewaytocalibratetheflowmeters?Thisusuallydependsonthemeasurementuncertaintyrequirementsofthemeasurementsystem,thetypeanduseoftheflowmetertobetested,theverificationconditionsandtheverificationcosts,andmanyotherfactors.Next,foryoutosortouttheflowmeasurementinstrumentofseveralverificationmethodsanddifferences,Ihopetohelpyou.Selectionofverificationmethods1.DifferencesinverificationconclusionsDrycalibrationofflowmetersbymeansofcombinedmeasurementmethodisbasedonthemeasurementresultsofrelevantparametersandtheiruncertainties.Thetotaluncertaintyofflowmetersissynthesizedbyerrorprocessingmethod.Theuncertaintyrangeofflowmetersisdeterminedindirectlybyacertaindegreeofconfidence.Itcannotgivespecificerrors.Value.Itisusuallybasedonabundanttestdataandstandardizedtechnicalrequirements,maintainingtheexperimentalandconsistentcharacteristicsofmeasurement.Forexample,thestandardorificethrottledevice,criticalflowVenturinozzleandotherdryverificationtechnologieshavebeenquitemature.Takingorificeflowmeterasanexample,itsoutflowcoefficientformulaisbasedonabundantandsufficientexperimentaldata.Theerrorrangeofoutflowcoefficientgiveninthestandardisnotmorethan0.6%.Whentheuncertaintyofflowmeasurementofsyntheticorificeplateisuncertain,onlyacertainrangeofuncertaintycanbegivenwithacertaindegreeofconfidence.Real-flowverification,especiallyon-linereal-flowverification,ismostinlinewiththemeasurementcharacteristicsofaccuracy,consistency,traceabilityandexperimentation.Itcanrealizetherealcalibrationorassignmentofflowmeasurementinstruments,andensurethecontinuityandclosureofvaluetransmissionortraceability.Off-linecalibrationgivestheerrorvalueorflowmetercoefficientofflowmeterundercalibrationconditions,butbecausetheactualoperatingconditionsandinstallationconditionsaredifferentfromthecalibrationconditions,therelevantphysicalparametersofmediumandeventhemediumitselfaredifferent,infact,thiscalibrationisnotarealcalibrationorassignment.Strictlyspeaking,theoff-linecalibrationresultsofflowmeterscanonlyexplaintheirmeasurementcharacteristicsundertheverificationconditions.Mostoftheactualconditionsoffielduse,installationandoperationoftheinstrumentsarequitedifferentfromthoseundertheverificationconditions.Thiswillbringadditionalerrorstoflowmeters,andthemagnitudeofadditionalerrorsisalwaysone.Becauseofthesubjectivejudgmentofcertainexperience,off-linecalibrationhaslowrequirementsforflowmeasurementresults,orevenifthereareadditionalerrors,itcanmeettheexpectedmeasurementrequirements,whichisasimpleandeasychoice.2.Thedegreeofcorrectionfortheinfluenceofphysicalparametersisdifferent.Almostallthemeasurementresultsofflowmetersareaffectedbythephysicalparametersofthemediumundertest,butthedegreeofinfluenceisdifferent.Forthephysicalparameterswhichcanexpresstheirinfluenceontheflowmeasurementresultsbyexplicitfunction,wecanmodifythemaslongasweknowtheactualvaluesoftheseparameters,suchastherelativedensityofnaturalgas,compressionfactor,isentropicindexandsoon.Butformostflowmeasurementinstruments,theinfluenceofphysicalparametersontheirmeasurementperformanceisdifficulttoexpressaccuratelywithmathematicalformulas.Forexample,inliquidmeasurement,volumetricflowmetersandvelocityflowmetersareverysensitivetothechangeofliquidviscosity,especiallyatlowviscosityandthelowerlimitofinstrumentmeasurementrange.Thereisnogeneralformulaforviscositycorrection.Inthemeasurementofnaturalgasflow,thechangeofnaturalgasdensityhasobviousinfluenceontheconstantvelocityflowmeterssuchasturbineflowmeterandvortexflowmeter.Whenconsideringwhethertheresultsofflowmetercalibrationusingairasmediumunderlowpressurecanbedirectlyappliedtonaturalgasunderhighpressure,on-linereal-flowcalibrationcancompletelyeliminatetheinfluenceofphysicalparameters.Theonlychoiceisthatdrycalibrationandoff-linecalibrationcannoteliminatetheinfluenceofphysicalparametersontheaboveflowmeter.3.Thedegreeofcorrectionforoperationconditionsisdifferent.Theoperatingconditionsoroperatingconditionsofflowmeterdirectlyaffectitsmeteringperformance.Themostdirectinfluenceofthechangeofoperatingpressureortemperatureonflowmeteristhechangeofitsmeteringchamber.Itsindirectinfluenceisthephysicalpropertiesofthemediumundertest,suchasviscosityanddensity.Theindirectinfluencecanbeconsideredwhenmodifyingtheinfluenceofphysicalparameters.Becauseofthecomplexityofthestructureandshapeoftheflowmeterandthediscretenessoftheassembly,itisalmostimpossibletoaccuratelymodifyitscavitywiththechangeofoperatingconditionsbyusingthecalculationmethod,nortofittheempiricalformulatomeettheaccuracyrequirementsforallflowmetersaccordingtothetestdata.Forvolumetricflowmeters,thechangeofmeasurementchamberwillleadtothechangeofvolumeasmeasurementreference,andthechangeofinternalleakage,whichwillaffecttheflowmeasurementresults.Forthespeedflowmeter,thechangeofoperatingconditionswillcausethechangeofflowarea,whichwillleadtothechangeofinstrumentcoefficients.Iftheoperatingconditionsofflowmeterscanbethesameorclosetotheactualuse,theoff-l

2018

10-10

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